Master Class: Breathing Techniques

Dr. Scott A. Nelson, author of the book, Breathing for Musicians, gave a master class on breathing techniques on Wednesday, June 28, 2000. The session began with the basics of breathing anatomy and physiology presented in a “musician friendly” way in an effort to help clear up playing problems which are a result of misunderstanding the breathing process. The helpful information presented included a complete description of the diaphragm’s role in the breathing process–-it is used exclusively for inhalation. The Valsalva maneuver was also explained and presented as the number one problem of brass players.

Dr. Nelson then presented the results of a test he and Dr. Robert Loudon, Head of Pulmonology at the University of Cincinnati Hospital had administered to approximately 50 wind musicians. Dr. Nelson explained that his test, given at the Pulmonology Functions Laboratory, was designed to identify differences in breathing between amateurs and professionals. The most astounding difference uncovered by the test was that professionals play with an average of about fourteen times more air (in and out) than amateurs. Dr. Nelson’s test also revealed that the reason why there was such a large difference in air use between amateurs and professionals involved the Valsalva maneuver.

The Valsalva maneuver is the name for the reflex contraction of the breathing muscles in a way that is designed to protect the internal organs (like protecting the stomach from a punch to the gut). The throat closes partially or fully during this maneuver. Dr. Nelson’s test showed that the throat closure takes very little muscle movement and that it is barely perceivable to the player. Every amateur employed some form of the Valsalva maneuver when playing, while none of the professionals used the Valsalva maneuver at all.

The remainder of the presentation included a demonstration of exercises and methods Dr. Nelson has included in his book to help wind musicians and singers avoid the Valsalva maneuver. Breathing For Musicians, published by Reinhardt and Still, is available by E-mailing Dr. Nelson at SNelson@SU.edu.

Dr. Nelson is Associate Professor of Music at Shenandoah University, Worship Leader/Choir Director at Fellowship Bible Church, and Second Trumpet of the Maryland Symphony.